These two terms are often confused by users in of spatial data. Here is a quick explanation to help clarify the difference between the two. Both of these terms are consistently been misuse by people within the geospatial community.
Looking at the landmark address above and its corresponding coordinates in three-dimension (3D), we could say:-
Geocoding - means to 'Convert addresses to geographic coordinates, or the reverse'. While Geolocation - means to 'Return the precise location of a device based on Wi-Fi or cell towers'.
More elaburate explanation from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:-
Geocoding is the computational process of transforming a physical address description to a location on the Earth's surface (spatial representation in numerical coordinates). Reverse geocoding, on the other hand, converts geographic coordinates to a description of a location, usually the name of a place or an addressable location. Geocoding relies on a computer representation of address points, the street / road network, together with postal and administrative boundaries.
Geolocation is the identification or estimation of the real-world geographic location of an object, such as a radar source, mobile phone, or Internet-connected computer terminal. In its simplest form geolocation involves the generation of a set of geographic coordinates and is closely related to the use of positioning systems, but its usefulness is enhanced by the use of these coordinates to determine a meaningful location, such as a street address.
Address: "Abuja International Conference Centre, Herbert Macaulay Way, Abuja, Nigeria"
Coordinates (in 3D): "Latitude: 9.0438014, Longitude: 7.4919024, Sea level: 503m"
Looking at the landmark address above and its corresponding coordinates in three-dimension (3D), we could say:-
Geocoding - means to 'Convert addresses to geographic coordinates, or the reverse'. While Geolocation - means to 'Return the precise location of a device based on Wi-Fi or cell towers'.
More elaburate explanation from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:-
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